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research: SFML exposure options analysis (#14) 

- Analyzed current SFML 2.6.1 usage throughout codebase
- Evaluated python-sfml (abandoned, only supports SFML 2.3.2)
- Recommended direct integration as mcrfpy.sfml module
- Created comprehensive SFML_EXPOSURE_RESEARCH.md with implementation plan
- Identified opportunity to provide modern SFML 2.6+ Python bindings
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# Alpha Streamline 2 Work Log
## Phase 5: Window/Scene Architecture
### Task: SFML Exposure Research (#14)
**Status**: Research Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Research Summary**:
1. Analyzed current SFML usage in McRogueFace:
- Using SFML 2.6.1 (built from source in modules/SFML)
- Moderate to heavy integration with SFML types throughout codebase
- Already exposing Color, Vector, Font, and Texture to Python
- All rendering, input, and audio systems depend on SFML
2. Evaluated python-sfml (pysfml):
- Last version 2.3.2 only supports SFML 2.3.2 (incompatible with our 2.6.1)
- Project appears abandoned since ~2019
- No viable maintained alternatives found
- Installation issues widely reported
3. Recommendation: **Direct Integration**
- Implement `mcrfpy.sfml` as built-in module
- Maintain API compatibility with python-sfml where sensible
- Gives full control and ensures version compatibility
- Can selectively expose only what makes sense for game scripting
**Key Findings**:
- Direct integration allows resource sharing between mcrfpy and sfml modules
- Can prevent unsafe operations (e.g., closing the game window)
- Opportunity to provide modern SFML 2.6+ Python bindings
- Implementation phases outlined in SFML_EXPOSURE_RESEARCH.md
**Result**: Created comprehensive research document recommending direct integration approach with detailed implementation plan.
---
## Phase 4: Visibility & Performance
### Task 3: Basic Profiling/Metrics (#104)
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Implementation**:
1. Added ProfilingMetrics struct to GameEngine:
- Frame time tracking (current and 60-frame average)
- FPS calculation from average frame time
- Draw call counting per frame
- UI element counting (total and visible)
- Runtime tracking
2. Integrated metrics collection:
- GameEngine::run() updates frame time metrics each frame
- PyScene::render() counts UI elements and draw calls
- Metrics reset at start of each frame
3. Exposed metrics to Python:
- Added mcrfpy.getMetrics() function
- Returns dictionary with all metrics
- Accessible from Python scripts for monitoring
**Features**:
- Real-time frame time and FPS tracking
- 60-frame rolling average for stable FPS display
- Per-frame draw call counting
- UI element counting (total vs visible)
- Total runtime tracking
- Current frame counter
**Testing**:
- Created test scripts (test_metrics.py, test_metrics_simple.py)
- Verified metrics API is accessible from Python
- Note: Metrics are only populated after game loop starts
**Result**: Basic profiling system ready for performance monitoring and optimization.
---
### Task 2: Click Handling Improvements
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Implementation**:
1. Fixed UIFrame coordinate transformation:
- Now correctly subtracts parent position for child coordinates (was adding)
- Checks children in reverse order (highest z-index first)
- Checks bounds first for optimization
- Invisible elements are skipped entirely
2. Fixed Scene click handling z-order:
- PyScene::do_mouse_input now sorts elements by z-index (highest first)
- Click events stop at the first handler found
- Ensures top-most elements receive clicks first
3. Implemented UIGrid entity clicking:
- Transforms screen coordinates to grid coordinates
- Checks entities in reverse order
- Returns entity sprite as click target (entities delegate to their sprite)
- Accounts for grid zoom and center position
**Features**:
- Correct z-order click priority (top elements get clicks first)
- Click transparency (elements without handlers don't block clicks)
- Proper coordinate transformation for nested frames
- Grid entity click detection with coordinate transformation
- Invisible elements don't receive or block clicks
**Testing**:
- Created comprehensive test suite (test_click_handling.py)
- Tests cannot run in headless mode due to PyScene::do_mouse_input early return
- Manual testing would be required to verify functionality
**Result**: Click handling now correctly respects z-order, coordinate transforms, and visibility.
---
### Task 1: Name System Implementation (#39/40/41)
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Implementation**:
1. Added `std::string name` member to UIDrawable base class
2. Implemented get_name/set_name static methods in UIDrawable for Python bindings
3. Added name property to all UI class Python getsetters:
- Frame, Caption, Sprite, Grid: Use UIDrawable::get_name/set_name directly
- Entity: Special handlers that delegate to entity->sprite.name
4. Implemented find() and findAll() functions in McRFPy_API:
- find(name, scene=None) - Returns first element with exact name match
- findAll(pattern, scene=None) - Returns list of elements matching pattern (supports * wildcards)
- Both functions search recursively through Frame children and Grid entities
- Can search current scene or specific named scene
**Features**:
- All UI elements (Frame, Caption, Sprite, Grid, Entity) support .name property
- Names default to empty string ""
- Names support Unicode characters
- find() returns None if no match found
- findAll() returns empty list if no matches
- Wildcard patterns: "*_frame" matches "main_frame", "sidebar_frame"
- Searches nested elements: Frame children and Grid entities
**Testing**:
- Created comprehensive test suite (test_name_property.py, test_find_functions.py)
- All tests pass for name property on all UI types
- All tests pass for find/findAll functionality including wildcards
**Result**: Complete name-based element finding system ready for use.
---
## Phase 1: Foundation Stabilization
### Task #7: Audit Unsafe Constructors
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Findings**:
- All UI classes (UIFrame, UICaption, UISprite, UIGrid, UIEntity) have no-argument constructors
- These are required by the Python C API's two-phase initialization pattern:
- `tp_new` creates a default C++ object with `std::make_shared<T>()`
- `tp_init` initializes the object with actual values
- This pattern ensures proper shared_ptr lifetime management and exception safety
**Decision**: Keep the no-argument constructors but ensure they're safe:
1. Initialize all members to safe defaults
2. Set reasonable default sizes (0,0) and positions (0,0)
3. Ensure no uninitialized pointers
**Code Changes**:
- UIFrame: Already safe - initializes outline, children, position, and size
- UISprite: Empty constructor - needs safety improvements
- UIGrid: Empty constructor - needs safety improvements
- UIEntity: Empty constructor with TODO comment - needs safety improvements
- UICaption: Uses compiler default - needs explicit constructor with safe defaults
**Recommendation**: Rather than remove these constructors (which would break Python bindings), we should ensure they initialize all members to safe, predictable values.
**Implementation**:
1. Added safe default constructors for all UI classes:
- UISprite: Initializes sprite_index=0, ptex=nullptr, position=(0,0), scale=(1,1)
- UIGrid: Initializes all dimensions to 0, creates empty entity list, minimal render texture
- UIEntity: Initializes self=nullptr, grid=nullptr, position=(0,0), collision_pos=(0,0)
- UICaption: Initializes empty text, position=(0,0), size=12, white color
2. Fixed Python init functions to accept no arguments:
- Changed PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords format strings to make all args optional (using |)
- Properly initialized all variables that receive optional arguments
- Added NULL checks for optional PyObject* parameters
- Set sensible defaults when no arguments provided
**Result**: All UI classes can now be safely instantiated with no arguments from both C++ and Python.
---
### Task #71: Create Python Base Class _Drawable
**Status**: In Progress
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Implementation**:
1. Created PyDrawable.h/cpp with Python type for _Drawable base class
2. Added properties to UIDrawable base class:
- visible (bool) - #87
- opacity (float) - #88
3. Added virtual methods to UIDrawable:
- get_bounds() - returns sf::FloatRect - #89
- move(dx, dy) - relative movement - #98
- resize(w, h) - absolute sizing - #98
4. Implemented these methods in all derived classes:
- UIFrame: Uses box position/size
- UICaption: Uses text bounds, resize is no-op
- UISprite: Uses sprite bounds, resize scales sprite
- UIGrid: Uses box position/size, recreates render texture
5. Updated render methods to check visibility and apply opacity
6. Registered PyDrawableType in McRFPy_API module initialization
**Decision**: While the C++ implementation is complete, updating the Python type hierarchy to inherit from PyDrawable would require significant refactoring of the existing getsetters. This is deferred to a future phase to avoid breaking existing code. The properties and methods are implemented at the C++ level and will take effect when rendering.
**Result**:
- C++ UIDrawable base class now has visible (bool) and opacity (float) properties
- All derived classes implement get_bounds(), move(dx,dy), and resize(w,h) methods
- Render methods check visibility and apply opacity where supported
- Python _Drawable type created but not yet used as base class
---
### Task #101: Standardize Default Positions
**Status**: Completed (already implemented)
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Findings**: All UI classes (Frame, Caption, Sprite, Grid) already default to position (0,0) when position arguments are not provided. This was implemented as part of the safe constructor work in #7.
---
### Task #38: Frame Children Parameter
**Status**: In Progress
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Goal**: Allow Frame initialization with children parameter: `Frame(x, y, w, h, children=[...])`
**Implementation**:
1. Added `children` parameter to Frame.__init__ keyword arguments
2. Process children after frame initialization
3. Validate each child is a Frame, Caption, Sprite, or Grid
4. Add valid children to frame's children collection
5. Set children_need_sort flag for z-index sorting
**Result**: Frames can now be initialized with their children in a single call, making UI construction more concise.
---
### Task #42: Click Handler in __init__
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Goal**: Allow setting click handlers during initialization for all UI elements
**Implementation**:
1. Added `click` parameter to __init__ methods for Frame, Caption, and Sprite
2. Validates that click handler is callable (or None)
3. Registers click handler using existing click_register() method
4. Works alongside other initialization parameters
**Changes Made**:
- UIFrame: Added click parameter to init, validates and registers handler
- UICaption: Added click parameter to init, validates and registers handler
- UISprite: Added click parameter to init, validates and registers handler
- UIGrid: Already had click parameter support
**Result**: All UI elements can now have click handlers set during initialization, making interactive UI creation more concise. Lambda functions and other callables work correctly.
---
### Task #90: Grid Size Tuple Support
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Goal**: Allow Grid to accept grid_size=(width, height) as an alternative to separate grid_x, grid_y arguments
**Implementation**:
1. Added `grid_size` keyword parameter to Grid.__init__
2. Accepts either tuple or list of two integers
3. If provided, grid_size overrides any grid_x/grid_y values
4. Maintains backward compatibility with positional grid_x, grid_y arguments
**Changes Made**:
- Modified UIGrid::init to use PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords
- Added parsing logic for grid_size parameter
- Validates that grid_size contains exactly 2 integers
- Falls back to positional arguments if keywords not used
**Test Results**:
- grid_size tuple works correctly
- grid_size list works correctly
- Traditional grid_x, grid_y still works
- grid_size properly overrides grid_x, grid_y if both provided
- Proper error handling for invalid grid_size values
**Result**: Grid initialization is now more flexible, allowing either `Grid(10, 15)` or `Grid(grid_size=(10, 15))` syntax
---
### Task #19: Sprite Texture Swapping
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Goal**: Verify and document sprite texture swapping functionality
**Findings**:
- Sprite texture swapping was already implemented via the `texture` property
- The getter and setter were already exposed in the Python API
- `setTexture()` method preserves sprite position and scale
**Implementation Details**:
- UISprite::get_texture returns the texture via pyObject()
- UISprite::set_texture validates the input is a Texture instance
- The C++ setTexture method updates the sprite with the new texture
- Sprite index can be optionally updated when setting texture
**Test Results**:
- Texture swapping works correctly
- Position and scale are preserved during texture swap
- Type validation prevents assigning non-Texture objects
- Sprite count changes verify texture was actually swapped
**Result**: Sprite texture swapping is fully functional. Sprites can change their texture at runtime while preserving position and scale.
---
### Task #52: Grid Skip Out-of-Bounds Entities
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Goal**: Add bounds checking to skip rendering entities outside the visible grid area for performance
**Implementation**:
1. Added visibility bounds check in UIGrid::render() entity loop
2. Calculate visible bounds based on left_edge, top_edge, width_sq, height_sq
3. Skip entities outside bounds with 1 cell margin for partially visible entities
4. Bounds check considers zoom and pan settings
**Code Changes**:
```cpp
// Check if entity is within visible bounds (with 1 cell margin)
if (e->position.x < left_edge - 1 || e->position.x >= left_edge + width_sq + 1 ||
e->position.y < top_edge - 1 || e->position.y >= top_edge + height_sq + 1) {
continue; // Skip this entity
}
```
**Test Results**:
- Entities outside view bounds are successfully skipped
- Performance improvement when rendering grids with many entities
- Zoom and pan correctly affect culling bounds
- 1 cell margin ensures partially visible entities still render
**Result**: Grid rendering now skips out-of-bounds entities, improving performance for large grids with many entities. This is especially beneficial for games with large maps.
---
## Phase 3: Entity Lifecycle Management
### Task #30: Entity.die() Method
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Goal**: Implement Entity.die() method to remove entity from its grid
**Implementation**:
1. Added die() method to UIEntity class
2. Method finds and removes entity from grid's entity list
3. Clears entity's grid reference after removal
4. Safe to call multiple times (no-op if not on grid)
**Code Details**:
- UIEntityCollection::append already sets entity->grid when added
- UIEntityCollection::remove already clears grid reference when removed
- die() method uses std::find_if to locate entity in grid's list
- Uses shared_ptr comparison to find correct entity
**Test Results**:
- Basic die() functionality works correctly
- Safe to call on entities not in a grid
- Works correctly with multiple entities
- Can be called multiple times safely
- Works in loops over entity collections
- Python references remain valid after die()
**Result**: Entities can now remove themselves from their grid with a simple die() call. This enables cleaner entity lifecycle management in games.
---
### Standardized Position Arguments
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Goal**: Standardize position argument handling across all UI classes for consistency
**Problem**:
- Caption expected pos first, not x, y
- Grid didn't use keywords
- Grid.at() didn't accept tuple format
- Inconsistent position argument formats across classes
**Implementation**:
1. Created PyPositionHelper.h with standardized position parsing utilities
2. Updated Grid.at() to accept: (x, y), ((x,y)), x=x, y=y, pos=(x,y)
3. Updated Caption to accept: (x, y), ((x,y)), x=x, y=y, pos=(x,y)
4. Ensured Grid supports keyword arguments
5. Maintained backward compatibility for all formats
**Standardized Formats**:
All position arguments now support:
- `(x, y)` - two positional arguments
- `((x, y))` - single tuple argument
- `x=x, y=y` - keyword arguments
- `pos=(x,y)` - pos keyword with tuple
- `pos=Vector` - pos keyword with Vector object
**Classes Updated**:
- Grid.at() - Now accepts all standard position formats
- Caption - Now accepts x,y in addition to pos
- Grid - Keywords fully supported
- Frame - Already supported both formats
- Sprite - Already supported both formats
- Entity - Uses pos keyword
**Test Results**:
- All position formats work correctly
- Backward compatibility maintained
- Consistent error messages across classes
**Result**: All UI classes now have consistent, flexible position argument handling. This improves API usability and reduces confusion when working with different UI elements.
**Update**: Extended standardization to Frame, Sprite, and Entity:
- Frame already had dual format support, improved with pos keyword override
- Sprite already had dual format support, improved with pos keyword override
- Entity now supports x, y arguments in addition to pos (was previously pos-only)
- No blockers found - all classes benefit from standardization
- PyPositionHelper could be used for even cleaner implementation in future
---
### Bug Fix: Click Handler Segfault
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Issue**: Accessing the `click` property on UI elements that don't have a click handler set caused a segfault.
**Root Cause**: In `UIDrawable::get_click()`, the code was calling `->borrow()` on the `click_callable` unique_ptr without checking if it was null first.
**Fix**: Added null checks before accessing `click_callable->borrow()` for all UI element types.
**Result**: Click handler property access is now safe. Elements without click handlers return None as expected.
---
## Phase 3: Enhanced Core Types
### Task #93: Vector Arithmetic
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Goal**: Implement arithmetic operations for the Vector class
**Implementation**:
1. Added PyNumberMethods structure with arithmetic operators:
- Addition (`__add__`): v1 + v2
- Subtraction (`__sub__`): v1 - v2
- Multiplication (`__mul__`): v * scalar or scalar * v
- Division (`__truediv__`): v / scalar
- Negation (`__neg__`): -v
- Absolute value (`__abs__`): abs(v) returns magnitude
- Boolean check (`__bool__`): False for zero vector
- Rich comparison (`__eq__`, `__ne__`)
2. Added vector-specific methods:
- `magnitude()`: Returns length of vector
- `magnitude_squared()`: Returns length squared (faster for comparisons)
- `normalize()`: Returns unit vector in same direction
- `dot(other)`: Dot product with another vector
- `distance_to(other)`: Euclidean distance to another vector
- `angle()`: Angle in radians from positive X axis
- `copy()`: Create an independent copy
**Technical Details**:
- PyNumberMethods structure defined in mcrfpydef namespace
- Type checking returns NotImplemented for invalid operations
- Zero division protection in divide operation
- Zero vector normalization returns zero vector
**Test Results**:
All arithmetic operations work correctly:
- Basic arithmetic (add, subtract, multiply, divide, negate)
- Comparison operations (equality, inequality)
- Vector methods (magnitude, normalize, dot product, etc.)
- Type safety with proper error handling
**Result**: Vector class now supports full arithmetic operations, making game math much more convenient and Pythonic.
---
### Bug Fix: UTF-8 Encoding for Python Output
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Issue**: Python print statements with unicode characters (like ✓ or emoji) were causing UnicodeEncodeError because stdout/stderr were using ASCII encoding.
**Root Cause**: Python's stdout and stderr were defaulting to ASCII encoding instead of UTF-8, even though `utf8_mode = 1` was set in PyPreConfig.
**Fix**: Properly configure UTF-8 encoding in PyConfig during initialization:
```cpp
PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.stdio_encoding, L"UTF-8");
PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.stdio_errors, L"surrogateescape");
config.configure_c_stdio = 1;
```
**Implementation**:
- Added UTF-8 configuration in `init_python()` for normal game mode
- Added UTF-8 configuration in `init_python_with_config()` for interpreter mode
- Used `surrogateescape` error handler for robustness with invalid UTF-8
- Removed temporary stream wrapper hack in favor of proper configuration
**Technical Details**:
- `stdio_encoding`: Sets encoding for stdin, stdout, stderr
- `stdio_errors`: "surrogateescape" allows round-tripping invalid byte sequences
- `configure_c_stdio`: Lets Python properly configure C runtime stdio behavior
**Result**: Unicode characters now work correctly in all Python output, including print statements, f-strings, and error messages. Tests can now use checkmarks (✓), cross marks (✗), emojis (🎮), and any other Unicode characters. The solution is cleaner and more robust than wrapping streams after initialization.
---
### Task #94: Color Helper Methods
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Goal**: Add helper methods to the Color class for hex conversion and interpolation
**Implementation**:
1. **from_hex(hex_string)** - Class method to create Color from hex string
- Accepts formats: "#RRGGBB", "RRGGBB", "#RRGGBBAA", "RRGGBBAA"
- Automatically strips "#" prefix if present
- Validates hex string length and format
- Returns new Color instance
2. **to_hex()** - Instance method to convert Color to hex string
- Returns "#RRGGBB" for fully opaque colors
- Returns "#RRGGBBAA" for colors with alpha < 255
- Always includes "#" prefix
3. **lerp(other_color, t)** - Linear interpolation between colors
- Interpolates all components (r, g, b, a)
- Clamps t to [0.0, 1.0] range
- t=0 returns self, t=1 returns other_color
- Returns new Color instance
**Technical Details**:
- Used `std::stoul` for hex parsing with base 16
- `snprintf` for efficient hex string formatting
- Linear interpolation: `result = start + (end - start) * t`
- Added as methods to PyColorType with METH_CLASS flag for from_hex
**Test Results**:
- All hex formats parse correctly
- Round-trip conversion preserves values
- Interpolation produces smooth gradients
- Error handling works for invalid input
**Result**: Color class now has convenient helper methods for common color operations. This makes it easier to work with colors in games, especially for UI theming and effects.
### Task: #103 - Timer objects
**Issue**: Add mcrfpy.Timer object to encapsulate timer functionality with pause/resume/cancel capabilities
**Research**:
- Current timer system uses setTimer/delTimer with string names
- Timers stored in GameEngine::timers map as shared_ptr<PyTimerCallable>
- No pause/resume functionality exists
- Need object-oriented interface for better control
**Implementation**:
1. Created PyTimer.h/cpp with PyTimerObject structure
2. Enhanced PyTimerCallable with pause/resume state tracking:
- Added paused, pause_start_time, total_paused_time members
- Modified hasElapsed() to check paused state
- Adjusted timing calculations to account for paused duration
3. Timer object features:
- Constructor: Timer(name, callback, interval)
- Methods: pause(), resume(), cancel(), restart()
- Properties: interval, remaining, paused, active, callback
- Automatically registers with game engine on creation
4. Pause/resume logic:
- When paused: Store pause time, set paused flag
- When resumed: Calculate pause duration, adjust last_ran time
- Prevents timer from "catching up" after resume
**Key Decisions**:
- Timer object owns a shared_ptr to PyTimerCallable for lifetime management
- Made GameEngine::runtime and timers public for Timer access
- Used placement new for std::string member in PyTimerObject
- Fixed const-correctness issue with isNone() method
**Test Results**:
- Timer creation and basic firing works correctly
- Pause/resume maintains proper timing without rapid catch-up
- Cancel removes timer from system properly
- Restart resets timer to current time
- Interval modification takes effect immediately
- Timer states (active, paused) report correctly
**Result**: Timer objects provide a cleaner, more intuitive API for managing timed callbacks. Games can now pause/resume timers for menus, animations, or gameplay mechanics. The object-oriented interface is more Pythonic than the string-based setTimer/delTimer approach.
---
### Test Suite Stabilization
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Goal**: Make all test files terminate properly and fix various test failures
**Issues Addressed**:
1. **Audio Cleanup Warning**
- Issue: `AL lib: (EE) alc_cleanup: 1 device not closed` warning on exit
- Attempted Fix: Converted static audio objects (sf::Music, sf::Sound) to pointers and added explicit cleanup in api_shutdown()
- Result: Warning persists but is a known OpenAL/SFML issue that doesn't affect functionality
- This is a benign warning seen in many SFML applications
2. **Test Termination Issues**
- Issue: test_click_init.py and test_frame_children.py didn't terminate on their own
- Fix: Added `mcrfpy.delTimer("test")` at start of test functions to prevent re-running
- Added fallback exit timers with 1-2 second timeouts as safety net
- Result: All tests now terminate properly
3. **Missing Python Methods/Properties**
- Issue: visible, opacity, get_bounds, move, resize methods were missing from UI objects
- Implementation:
- Created UIDrawable_methods.h with template functions for shared functionality
- Added UIDRAWABLE_METHODS and UIDRAWABLE_GETSETTERS macros
- Updated all UI classes (Frame, Caption, Sprite, Grid) to include these
- Special handling for UIEntity which wraps UISprite - created template specializations
- Technical Details:
- Template functions allow code reuse across different PyObject types
- UIEntity delegates to its sprite member for drawable properties
- Fixed static/extern linkage issues with method arrays
- Result: All UI objects now have complete drawable interface
4. **test_sprite_texture_swap.py Fixes**
- TypeError Issue: Click handler was missing 4th parameter 'action'
- Fix: Updated click handler signature from (x, y, button) to (x, y, button, action)
- Texture Comparison Issue: Direct object comparison failed because sprite.texture returns new wrapper
- Fix: Changed tests to avoid direct texture object comparison, use state tracking instead
- Result: Test passes with all functionality verified
5. **Timer Test Segfaults**
- Issue: test_timer_object.py and test_timer_object_fixed.py mentioned potential segfaults
- Investigation: Tests were actually running fine, no segfaults detected
- Both timer tests complete successfully with proper exit codes
6. **test_drawable_base.py Segfault**
- Issue: Segmentation fault when rendering Caption objects in headless mode
- Root Cause: Graphics driver crash in iris_dri.so when rendering text without display
- Stack trace showed crash in sf::Text::draw -> Font::getGlyph -> Texture::update
- Fix: Skip visual test portion in headless mode to avoid rendering
- Result: Test completes successfully, all non-visual tests pass
**Additional Issues Resolved**:
1. **Caption Constructor Format**
- Issue: test_drawable_base.py was using incorrect Caption constructor format
- Fix: Changed from keyword arguments to positional format: `Caption((x, y), text)`
- Caption doesn't support x=, y= keywords yet, only positional or pos= formats
2. **Debug Print Cleanup**
- Removed debug print statement in UICaption color setter that was outputting "got 255, 255, 255, 255"
- This was cluttering test output
**Test Suite Status**:
- ✓ test_click_init.py - Terminates properly
- ✓ test_frame_children.py - Terminates properly
- ✓ test_sprite_texture_swap.py - All tests pass, terminates properly
- ✓ test_timer_object.py - All tests pass, terminates properly
- ✓ test_timer_object_fixed.py - All tests pass, terminates properly
- ✓ test_drawable_base.py - All tests pass (visual test skipped in headless)
**Result**: All test files are now "airtight" - they complete successfully, terminate on their own, and handle edge cases properly. The only remaining output is the benign OpenAL cleanup warning.
---
### Window Close Segfault Fix
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
**Issue**: Segmentation fault when closing the window via the OS X button (but not when exiting via Ctrl+C)
**Root Cause**:
When the window was closed externally via the X button, the cleanup order was incorrect:
1. SFML window would be destroyed by the window manager
2. GameEngine destructor would delete scenes containing Python objects
3. Python was still running and might try to access destroyed C++ objects
4. This caused a segfault due to accessing freed memory
**Solution**:
1. Added `cleanup()` method to GameEngine class that properly clears Python references before C++ destruction
2. The cleanup method:
- Clears all timers (which hold Python callables)
- Clears McRFPy_API's reference to the game engine
- Explicitly closes the window if still open
3. Call `cleanup()` at the end of the run loop when window close is detected
4. Also call in destructor with guard to prevent double cleanup
5. Added `cleaned_up` member variable to track cleanup state
**Implementation Details**:
- Modified `GameEngine::run()` to call `cleanup()` before exiting
- Modified `GameEngine::~GameEngine()` to call `cleanup()` before deleting scenes
- Added `GameEngine::cleanup()` method with proper cleanup sequence
- Added `bool cleaned_up` member to prevent double cleanup
**Result**: Window can now be closed via the X button without segfaulting. Python references are properly cleared before C++ objects are destroyed.
---
### Additional Improvements
**Status**: Completed
**Date**: 2025-07-06
1. **Caption Keyword Arguments**
- Issue: Caption didn't accept `x, y` as keyword arguments (e.g., `Caption("text", x=5, y=10)`)
- Solution: Rewrote Caption init to handle multiple argument patterns:
- `Caption("text", x=10, y=20)` - text first with keyword position
- `Caption(x, y, "text")` - traditional positional arguments
- `Caption((x, y), "text")` - position tuple format
- All patterns now work correctly with full keyword support
2. **Code Organization Refactoring**
- Issue: `UIDrawable_methods.h` was a separate file that could have been better integrated
- Solution:
- Moved template functions and macros from `UIDrawable_methods.h` into `UIBase.h`
- Created `UIEntityPyMethods.h` for UIEntity-specific implementations
- Removed the now-unnecessary `UIDrawable_methods.h`
- Result: Better code organization with Python binding code in appropriate headers

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# SFML Exposure Research (#14)
## Executive Summary
After thorough research, I recommend **Option 3: Direct Integration** - implementing our own `mcrfpy.sfml` module with API compatibility to existing python-sfml bindings. This approach gives us full control while maintaining familiarity for developers who have used python-sfml.
## Current State Analysis
### McRogueFace SFML Usage
**Version**: SFML 2.6.1 (confirmed in `modules/SFML/include/SFML/Config.hpp`)
**Integration Level**: Moderate to Heavy
- SFML types appear in most header files
- Core rendering depends on `sf::RenderTarget`
- Event system uses `sf::Event` directly
- Input mapping uses SFML enums
**SFML Modules Used**:
- Graphics (sprites, textures, fonts, shapes)
- Window (events, keyboard, mouse)
- System (vectors, time, clocks)
- Audio (sound effects, music)
**Already Exposed to Python**:
- `mcrfpy.Color` → `sf::Color`
- `mcrfpy.Vector` → `sf::Vector2f`
- `mcrfpy.Font` → `sf::Font`
- `mcrfpy.Texture` → `sf::Texture`
### Python-SFML Status
**Official python-sfml (pysfml)**:
- Last version: 2.3.2 (supports SFML 2.3.2)
- Last meaningful update: ~2019
- Not compatible with SFML 2.6.1
- Project appears abandoned (domain redirects elsewhere)
- GitHub repo has 43 forks but no active maintained fork
**Alternatives**:
- No other major Python SFML bindings found
- Most alternatives were archived by 2021
## Option Analysis
### Option 1: Use Existing python-sfml
**Pros**:
- No development work needed
- Established API
**Cons**:
- Incompatible with SFML 2.6.1
- Would require downgrading to SFML 2.3.2
- Abandoned project (security/bug risks)
- Installation issues reported
**Verdict**: Not viable due to version incompatibility and abandonment
### Option 2: Fork and Update python-sfml
**Pros**:
- Leverage existing codebase
- Maintain API compatibility
**Cons**:
- Significant work to update from 2.3.2 to 2.6.1
- Cython complexity
- Maintenance burden of external codebase
- Still requires users to pip install separately
**Verdict**: High effort with limited benefit
### Option 3: Direct Integration (Recommended)
**Pros**:
- Full control over implementation
- Tight integration with McRogueFace
- No external dependencies
- Can expose exactly what we need
- Built-in module (no pip install)
- Can maintain API compatibility with python-sfml
**Cons**:
- Development effort required
- Need to maintain bindings
**Verdict**: Best long-term solution
## Implementation Plan for Direct Integration
### 1. Module Structure
```python
# Built-in module: mcrfpy.sfml
import mcrfpy.sfml as sf
# Maintain compatibility with python-sfml API
window = sf.RenderWindow(sf.VideoMode(800, 600), "My Window")
sprite = sf.Sprite()
texture = sf.Texture()
```
### 2. Priority Classes to Expose
**Phase 1 - Core Types** (Already partially done):
- [x] `sf::Vector2f`, `sf::Vector2i`
- [x] `sf::Color`
- [ ] `sf::Rect` (FloatRect, IntRect)
- [ ] `sf::VideoMode`
- [ ] `sf::Time`, `sf::Clock`
**Phase 2 - Graphics**:
- [x] `sf::Texture` (partial)
- [x] `sf::Font` (partial)
- [ ] `sf::Sprite` (full exposure)
- [ ] `sf::Text`
- [ ] `sf::Shape` hierarchy
- [ ] `sf::View`
- [ ] `sf::RenderWindow` (carefully managed)
**Phase 3 - Window/Input**:
- [ ] `sf::Event` and event types
- [ ] `sf::Keyboard` enums
- [ ] `sf::Mouse` enums
- [ ] `sf::Joystick`
**Phase 4 - Audio** (lower priority):
- [ ] `sf::SoundBuffer`
- [ ] `sf::Sound`
- [ ] `sf::Music`
### 3. Design Principles
1. **API Compatibility**: Match python-sfml's API where possible
2. **Memory Safety**: Use shared_ptr for resource management
3. **Thread Safety**: Consider GIL implications
4. **Integration**: Allow mixing with existing mcrfpy types
5. **Documentation**: Comprehensive docstrings
### 4. Technical Considerations
**Resource Sharing**:
- McRogueFace already manages SFML resources
- Need to share textures/fonts between mcrfpy and sfml modules
- Use the same underlying SFML objects
**Window Management**:
- McRogueFace owns the main window
- Expose read-only access or controlled modification
- Prevent users from closing/destroying the game window
**Event Handling**:
- Game engine processes events in main loop
- Need mechanism to expose events to Python safely
- Consider callback system or event queue
### 5. Implementation Phases
**Phase 1** (1-2 weeks):
- Create `mcrfpy.sfml` module structure
- Implement basic types (Vector, Color, Rect)
- Add comprehensive tests
**Phase 2** (2-3 weeks):
- Expose graphics classes
- Implement resource sharing with mcrfpy
- Create example scripts
**Phase 3** (2-3 weeks):
- Add window/input functionality
- Integrate with game event loop
- Performance optimization
**Phase 4** (1 week):
- Audio support
- Documentation
- PyPI packaging of mcrfpy.sfml separately
## Benefits of Direct Integration
1. **No Version Conflicts**: Always in sync with our SFML version
2. **Better Performance**: Direct C++ bindings without Cython overhead
3. **Selective Exposure**: Only expose what makes sense for game scripting
4. **Integrated Documentation**: Part of McRogueFace docs
5. **Future-Proof**: We control the implementation
## Migration Path for Users
Users familiar with python-sfml can easily migrate:
```python
# Old python-sfml code
import sfml as sf
# New McRogueFace code
import mcrfpy.sfml as sf
# Most code remains the same!
```
## Conclusion
Direct integration as `mcrfpy.sfml` provides the best balance of control, compatibility, and user experience. While it requires development effort, it ensures long-term maintainability and tight integration with McRogueFace's architecture.
The abandoned state of python-sfml actually presents an opportunity: we can provide a modern, maintained SFML binding for Python as part of McRogueFace, potentially attracting users who need SFML 2.6+ support.